Milia can be annoying to deal with because it’s not acne, but it’s still blemishes on the skin. Not to mention, they can also be tricky to get rid of on your own. And if you’re not quite sure what I’m talking about here, here’s an explainer: “Milia appear as tiny white bumps, usually on the face,” Ife Rodney, MD, FAAD, of Eternal Dermatology and Aesthetics. “They are made of a clogged hair follicle, filled with dead skin and oily material.”
What exactly causes these little bumps to form? There are a few factors. “Milia occur when the dead skin becomes trapped,” explains Marisa Garshick, MD, FAAD. “Although some people may be more susceptible than others, milia can occur without any specific trigger and may be present in newborns or those of any age, or can occur secondary to some type of injury to the skin in the form of burns, trauma, blistering disorders or certain cosmetic procedures, such as chemical peels, dermabrasion, or laser resurfacing—though in these settings it may be temporary. While especially common in newborns, it can occur in all ages, genders, races, and ethnicities. Sometimes they can appear after using certain skincare products. Because milia are also common around the eye area, sometimes people will notice milia forming after using a new eye cream. If this is the case, it is best to stop the product temporarily, but then it is okay to resume it as it is often just an adjustment as opposed to an allergy. If it’s related to a product, stop the product.”
Other causes of milia could be genetics and skin trauma due to sun damage (so wear your SPF), Kathleen S. Viscusi, MD, FAAD, FACMS, co-founder and partner at Dermatology and Surgery Specialists of North Atlanta (DESSNA) adds.
If this sounds all familiar to you, there are a few routes you can take to erase them from your skin. One is by seeing a dermatologist for an extraction-type procedure—this is the most effective way to deal with it. “A simple way to treat milia is to price the surface, and squeeze the dead skin out,” Rodney says. “This should only be done by a trained professional as there is a risk of skin infection and scarring. Also, some milia are deeper in the skin and may not respond to this treatment.” Chemical peels, laser treatments, and other procedures can be done as well—it just depends on your particular situation.
And second, you can try to treat them at home, but it may be more time-consuming and not as effective. Viscusi recommends still consulting with a dermatologist or medical professional before you experiment with anything because they can provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. “There are many different treatment options available for milia. At home, you can work in exfoliating products or prescription retinoids depending on what your derm recommends,” she explains.
When you’re looking for products to treat milia, look for certain ingredients that can clear the clogged follicles. “Look for products that contain benzoyl peroxide—specifically the 5% formulation is just as effective but less irritating to the skin than higher concentrations),” says Rodney. “Products with salicylic acid and alpha hydroxy acids are great as well. the most important point to note is that these will not remove your milia overnight, so be patient. Overusing these products or scrubbing the milia will only irritate your skin.”
You can also prioritize ingredients that promote turnover. “Some ingredients can be helpful to prevent milia formation which can include retinoids to help regulate skin-cell turnover, preventing a buildup of dead skin and exfoliating acids to help eliminate dead skin cells,” Garshick says. “In terms of retinoids, it is possible to use over-the-counter retinols, retinol alternatives, and prescription retinoids. In some cases, it may be applied as a spot treatment but often is best when applied all over to prevent new ones from coming.”
You’ll want to avoid products that could make the situation worse—Viscusi recommends staying away from pore-clogging products and heavy creams, especially around the eye area. Jenny Liu, MD, FAAD, says consistent use is key here, but she doesn’t recommend using all of these ingredients at once. “Avoid areas like the eyelid, neck, and lips, which can cause irritation,” she adds.
And don’t overdo the treatment—these products won’t erase the milia overnight, so patience is key. Be careful not to over scrub or overuse the products.
Ready to try to treat or prevent milia at home? Take a look at these options below.
Next: 5 Compelling Reasons You Should Be Using Skincare With Superfruits
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