Trump’s acting Bureau of Land Management director just got removed by a federal judge, who said he was serving unlawfully

• A federal judge ruled Friday that William Perry Pendley, Trump’s acting director of the Bureau of Land Management, has been serving unlawfully, blocking him from continuing to hold the position.
• The judge ruled that Pendley had served unlawfully for 424 days without Senate confirmation as required by the US Constitution.
• Pendley, a former oil industry attorney, has been a key figure in Trump’s efforts to loosen environmental protections and has a long history of undermining Native Americans’ rights.
• Several other top Trump officials have unlawfully bypassed required Senate confirmation by serving in “acting” roles, such as acting DHS Secretary Chad Wolf and his acting deputy, Ken Cuccinelli.
• Visit Business Insider’s homepage for more stories.

A federal judge ruled Friday that President Donald Trump’s leading steward of public lands has been serving unlawfully, blocking him from continuing in the position in the latest pushback against the administration’s practice of filling key positions without US Senate approval.

William Perry Pendley, the acting director of the US Interior Department’s Bureau of Land Management, served unlawfully for 424 days without being confirmed to the post by the Senate as required under the Constitution, US District Judge Brian Morris determined.

The ruling came after Democratic Montana Governor Steve Bullock in July sued to remove Pendley, saying the former oil industry attorney was illegally overseeing an agency that manages almost a quarter-billion acres of land, primarily in the Western US.

“Today’s ruling is a win for the Constitution, the rule of law, and our public lands,” Bullock said.

The ruling will be immediately appealed, according to Interior Department spokesman Conner Swanson. He called it “an outrageous decision that is well outside the bounds of the law,” and he said the Obama administration had similarly filled key posts at the agency with temporary authorizations.

The bureau regulates activities ranging from mining and oil extraction to livestock grazing and recreation. Under Trump, it has been at the forefront in the administration’s drive to loosen environmental restrictions for oil and gas drilling and other development on public lands.

Pendley has been one of several senior officials across the Trump administration running federal agencies and departments despite not having gone before the Senate for the confirmation hearings that are required for top posts.

Last month, the Government Accountability Office, a bipartisan congressional watchdog, said acting Department of Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf and his acting deputy, Ken Cuccinelli, were improperly serving and ineligible to run the agency under the Vacancy Reform Act. The two have been at the forefront of administration initiatives on immigration and law enforcement.

Trump agencies have defended the skipped deadlines for Senate hearings for administration nominees, saying that the senior officials involved were carrying out the duties of their acting position but were not actually filling that position, and thus did not require a hearing and votes before the Senate.

Pendley had been publicly nominated by Trump to direct the BLM in June. But the nomination was withdrawn earlier this month after the confirmation process threatened to become contentious, potentially disrupting key US senate races in Montana, where Bullock is seeking to unseat incumbent Republican Steve Daines, and Colorado, where Republican Sen. Cory Gardner is being challenged by former Gov. John Hickenlooper.

But Pendley continued to hang on to the post despite the withdrawal, under an arrangement that Pendley himself set up months ago. In a May 22 order, Pendley made his own position, deputy director, the bureau’s top post while the director’s office is vacant.

After establishing that succession order, Pendley actions included approval of two sweeping land resource management plans in Montana that would open 95% of federal land in the state to oil and gas development, attorneys for Bullock contended in court filings.

The bureau’s holdings are sweeping, with nearly 1 out of every 10 acres nationally under its dominion, mostly across the US West.

Pendley was a longtime industry attorney and property rights advocate from Wyoming who had called for the government to sell its public lands before joining the Trump administration.

After joining the government, he declared that his past support for selling public lands was irrelevant because his boss, Interior Secretary David Bernhardt, opposes the wholesale sale of public lands.

Trump’s ability to bypass the confirmation process has raised serious questions about the legitimacy of people in acting roles.

The GOP-led Senate typically is falling short of the votes needed from its ranks to confirm some of Trump’s choices. But as Trump bypassed the chamber, chipping away at its advise-and-consent role, the Republican leadership has also allowed the acting positions to stand.

Shortly after the GAO questioned the DHS officials, Trump formally nominated Wolf to the secretary post. A hearing was held last week in the Senate on his nomination, but it’s unlikely Wolf will be confirmed before the election.

Associated Press writers Ellen Knickmeyer contributed from Oklahoma City and Lisa Mascaro from Washington.